World Arthritis Day -12th October

What is Arthritis?

Arthritis is an inflammation of the joints which can affect one joint or multiple joints. There are more than 100 different types of arthritis. People of all age groups, sexes and races can suffer from arthritis. However it is commonly seen in adults over the age of 65. It is more common in women than men and obesity also plays a great role.

What causes arthritis?

Your cartilage is a firm but flexible connective tissue in your joints. It protects the joints by absorbing the pressure and shock created when you move and put stress on them. A reduction in the normal amount of this cartilage tissue cause some forms of arthritis.

Different types of arthritis:

• Degenerative Arthritis
  Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis. When the cartilage – the slick, cushioning surface on the ends of bones wears away, bone rubs against bone, causing pain, swelling and stiffness. Over time, the joints may lose their strength and the pain can become chronic.
• Inflammatory Arthritis
  A healthy immune system protects you and acts against infections. But the immune system can at times go awry, mistakenly attacking the joints with uncontrolled inflammation and potentially causing joint erosion. Rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis are examples of inflammatory arthritis. Researchers believe that a combination of genetics and environmental factors can trigger autoimmunity.
• Infectious Arthritis
  A bacterium, virus or fungus can enter the joint and trigger inflammation. Examples of organisms that can infect joints are salmonella and shigel. Timely treatment with antibiotics may clear the joint infection, but sometimes the arthritis becomes chronic.
• Metabolic Arthritis
  Some people have high levels of uric acid because they naturally produce more than needed or the body can’t get rid of the uric acid quickly enough. In some people the uric acid builds up and forms needle-like crystals in the joint, resulting in sudden spikes of extreme joint pain, or a gout attack. This can become chronic, causing ongoing pain and disability.

Some symptoms of Arthritis

Common arthritis joint symptoms include swelling, pain, stiffness and decreased range of motion. Symptoms can be mild, moderate or severe. They may stay about the same for years or may also get worse over time. Severe arthritis can result in chronic pain, inability to do daily activities and make it difficult to walk or climb stairs. It can cause permanent joint changes.

Methods of diagnosis

Your doctor performs a physical check for fluid around the joints, warm or red joints, and limited range of motion in the joints. To determine the type of arthritis extracting and analyzing inflammation levels in your blood and joint fluids is needed. Doctors commonly use imaging scans such as X-ray, MRI, and CT scans to produce an image of your bones and cartilage.

Treatment of Arthritis

The main goal of treatment is to reduce the amount of pain the patient is experiencing and to prevent additional damage to the joints. Your doctor may prescribe you a combination of treatment methods to achieve the best results.

Surgery

One of the most popular and sought after treatments is surgery to replace your joint with an artificial joints. It is performed to replace hip and knee joints.

If your arthritis is severe in your fingers or wrists, your doctor may perform a joint fusion. In this procedure, the ends of your bones are locked together until they heal and become one.

Physical Therapy

Physical therapy involves exercises that help strengthen the muscles around the affected joint and plays a core role in the treatment of arthritis.

Some suggested lifestyle changes for arthritis:

• Regular exercise will keep your joints flexible.
• Swimming is a great form of exercise as it doesn’t put pressure on your joints like running and walking.
• Avoid unnecessary overexertion and take rest when needed.
• Weight loss and maintaining a healthy weight reduce the risk of developing osteoarthritis, and can reduce symptoms if you already have it.
• Eating foods with lots of antioxidants can help reduce inflammation.

While it’s ideal to initiate treatment as early as possible, aggressive treatment throughout the course of the disease is essential, suggest experts. Are you or a dear one suffering from arthritis? Start treatment before it is too late. Consult our team of experts at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospitals’s Centre for Bone and Joint. For more details, visit our below website:

https://www.kokilabenhospital.com/departments/centresofexcellence/centrefor_boneandjoint.html

World Heart Day is celebrated on 29th September 2016. It is the World’s Heart Federation’s biggest platform for raising awareness about Cardiovascular disease (CVD). The success of World Heart Day depends on the pro-activity of organizations from around the world to help spread awareness of CVD, the world’s number one killer. The theme for 2016 is creating heart-healthy environments. This means we create healthy places to live, work and play, our environment should not increase our risk of cardiovascular disease.

It has been noted that at least 80% of premature deaths from cardiovascular disease (CVD) could be avoided if four main risk factors – tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and harmful use of alcohol – are controlled. In recent times there is a greater risk of heart failure due to the increase in conditions like hypertension and diabetes.

Heart Disease and India

Statistics suggest that the occurrence of heart disease among the youth has increased at a rate of 24.8 per cent in the past decade. Sadly, nearly 1/6th of all Indian patients of cardiovascular diseases are under 40 years of age and nearly 1/4th of all heart attacks in India occur at less than 40 years of age. If you are conscious about your heart health, start early.

Smoking is one of the worst habits for our heart health. It damages the inner lining of the arteries supplying blood to the heart muscle and increases the risk of clot formation which leads to heart attacks. Also, a very prevalent risk factor among Indians is the combination of high triglyceride counts and low levels of good cholesterol (HDL).

A decent work-life balance with low stress levels is important for a healthy heart. Negative emotions, stress and tension pump up the secretion of epinephrine in the body and can precipitate vulnerable plaques and massive heart attacks.

As Indians we also lack behind in fitness routines. A healthy diet with an exercise routine is a must to avoid or delay heart diseases. Have your measured your waist lately? It is said anything greater than 80 cm (32 inches) for women and 94 cm (37 inches) for men means increased risk.

Prevention

People of every age and gender irrespective of family history of heart diseases are getting cardiovascular diseases. It cannot always be avoided but can at least be pushed to a lot later in life. The best way to do so is by adopting a healthy lifestyle starting today.

Here are a tips to maintain a healthy heart:

• Eat Right – Let us adapt a healthy diet low in saturated fat, transfats, cholesterol, sodium, sugars and added sweeteners.  Eat more fruits and vegetables, fibre rich wholegrain, nuts, legumes, seeds and low-fat dairy products. Adapting healthier cooking methods can also make a huge difference as well.
• Maintain an active lifestyle – Get into the habit of daily yoga, aerobics or brisk walks. Regularity in your fitness routine is as important as starting the activity.
• No smoking –  Smoking is a complete no, avoid passive smoke also as much as possible. Exposure to second-hand smoke also poses a serious health hazard.
• Family history – It is essential to keep a track on family history of heart diseases as it increases your risk of getting one. You control or delay your risk of heart disease by maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, not smoking and eating right.
• Stress..the biggest killer – Long-term stress causes an increase in heart rate and blood pressure that may damage the artery walls. Learn some stress management techniques like meditation and deep breathing to relax yourself.
• Blood sugar tests- In addition to blood pressure checks and other heart-health screenings, you should test your blood glucose regularly.
• Learn the warning signs of a heart attack and stroke – Heart attack symptoms in women can be different than men. Knowing when you’re having a heart attack or stroke means that you’re more likely to seek and get immediate help.

Age wise precautions:

• Crossed 20 years , start check-up routines. Surprising as it may sound, youths also need to be checked for heart disease. With our current lifestyle and food habits, our heart is at its vulnerable most.
• Crossed 30 years, maintain a heart-healthy lifestyle for your entire family. You must create and sustain heart-healthy habits in your parents, spouse and kids.
• Crossed 40 years, control your weight. Maintain a healthy weight with a good diet and a daily exercise routine.
• Crossed 50 years, healthy diet is a must. It’s easy to slip into some unhealthy eating habits as you age. Refresh your eating habits by eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, wholegrain, nuts, legumes and seeds.
• Crossed 60 years, have an ankle-brachial index test. As soon as you turn 60, you must get an ankle-brachial index test done every year. The test will assess the pulse in your feet to help diagnose peripheral artery disease (PAD), a lesser-known cardiovascular disease in which plaque builds up in the leg arteries.

Live better, Live longer. Our heart health is in our own hands, the earlier we realise this the better it is. Do visit the Centre for Cardiac sciences at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital for all your heart concerns. Our Cardiac sciences department has been ranked no. 1 in western India at the All India Multispecialty Hospitals Survey 2016. We have performed more than 1,500 coronary angioplasties and 2,500 cardiac surgeries till date. The Cardio sciences department provides an all-inclusive programme for the management of all heart diseases.

We have all heard about the term Alzheimer’s. But do you know what happens in this disease? Let us understand more about Alzheimer’s disease this World Alzheimer’s day, 21st September 2016.

What is Alzheimer’s ?

Alzheimer’s disease is named after the doctor who first described it – Alois Alzheimer. It is a physical disease that affects the brain. During the course of the disease, proteins build up in the brain leading to loss of connections between nerve cells and eventually to the death of nerve cells. People with Alzheimer’s develop a shortage of some important chemicals in their brain, these chemicals help transmit signals around the brain.

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia. The word dementia describes a set of symptoms that can include memory loss and difficulties with thinking, problem-solving or language. Alzheimer’s is a progressive disease, which means over time, more parts of the brain are damaged and symptoms become more severe.

Who is at risk?

Most people develop Alzheimer’s disease after the age of 65. Above 65 years, a person’s risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease doubles approximately every five years. Research shows that almost twice as many women as men over 65 get Alzheimer’s. This disease may also be passed down by inheritance.

Health and lifestyle

Medical conditions such as diabetes, heart problems, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and obesity increase the risk of Alzheimer’s. People who adopt a healthy lifestyle, especially from mid-life onwards are less likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease.

Diagnosis

If you or a loved one is facing some of the below symptoms, then visit a doctor immediately. He may conduct initial checks or refer you to a specialist. Some brain scans show whether any changes have taken place in the brain.

Treatment

There is currently no cure for Alzheimer’s disease. Regular visit to a psychiatrist or a therapist works well for most patients. There are drug treatments for Alzheimer’s disease that can temporarily alleviate some symptoms or slow down their progression.

Symptoms

The most common symptom is loss of memory. However everyone is different and unique and face different symptoms.

Some of the most common symptoms are listed below

• Memory loss that disrupts daily life – One of the most common signs of Alzheimer’s is memory loss, especially forgetting recently learned information. Others include forgetting important dates or events and  asking for the same information over and over.
• Challenges in planning or solving problems – Some people may experience changes in their ability to develop and follow a plan or work with numbers. They may have trouble following a familiar recipe or keeping track of monthly bills.
• Difficulty completing familiar tasks – People with Alzheimer’s often find it hard to complete daily tasks. It may include driving to a familiar location or remembering the rules of a favourite game.
• Confusion with place or time – People with Alzheimer’s can lose track of dates, seasons and the passage of time.
• Trouble understanding visual images and spatial relationships – For some people, having vision problems is a sign of Alzheimer’s. They may have difficulty reading, judging distance and determining colour or contrast.
• New problems with word in speaking or writing – People with Alzheimer’s may have trouble following or joining a conversation. They may also repeat themselves.
• Misplacing things and losing the ability to retrace steps – A person with Alzheimer’s disease may put things in unusual places. They may lose things and be unable to go back over their steps to find them again.
• Withdrawal from work or social activities – A person with Alzheimer’s may start to remove themselves from hobbies, social activities, work projects or sports.

The Alzheimer and Memory Clinic at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital is a specialist clinic for people with neurological problems. We offer a comprehensive screening and care program for Alzheimer disease and other memory disorders, including neurology consultation, physical and cognitive rehabilitation, and psychotherapy.

As we are nearing the end of monsoon season the nation is engulfed with an increasing number of dengue cases. Let us all work together to keep our neighbourhoods mosquito free and curb the menace of dengue.

Dengue pronounced as Dengee fever is a painful, debilitating mosquito-borne disease caused by the bite of an Aedes mosquito infected with a dengue virus.

Dengue is spread by dengue virus I, II, III and IV types, all transmitted by Aedes aegypti. Strains II and IV are considered to be deadly. An estimated 390 million dengue infections occur worldwide each year, with about 96 million resulting in illness.

Dengue fever cannot be spread from one person to another person. It is transmitted through mosquitoes. The disease is often called the “break-bone fever” because of the unusually severe muscle and joint pain it causes.

Dengue symptoms usually begin three to fourteen days after the infection. Some of them are listed below:

• Sudden fever
• Severe headaches
• Pain behind the eyes
• Severe joint and muscle pain
• Fatigue
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Skin rash, which appears two to five days after the onset of fever
• Mild bleeding (such as nose bleed, bleeding gums, or easy bruising)

Sometimes, symptoms are mild and can be mistaken for a viral infection or flu. Young children tend to have milder symptoms than older children and adults. But once developed, these symptoms may last up to 10 days.

Timely treatment for dengue is essential as sometimes serious problems can develop. These include dengue hemorrhagic fever, a rare complication characterized by high fever, damage to lymph and blood vessels, bleeding from the nose and gums, enlargement of the liver and failure of the circulatory system. The symptoms may progress to massive bleeding, shock, and death. This is called dengue shock syndrome (DSS). People with weakened immune systems as well as those with a second or subsequent dengue infection are believed to be at greater risk for developing dengue hemorrhagic fever.

Why is dengue increasing?

• Increased urban crowding gives more sites for mosquitoes to develop.
• Local and world environmental changes allow mosquitoes to survive throughout the year.
• International travellers tend to carry the disease to areas where mosquitoes have not been previously infected.

Treatment for Dengue:

• Unfortunately there is no vaccine or medicine for dengue fever.
• Complete bed rest accompanied with plenty of oral fluids is advisable during dengue.
• Regular consumption of paracetamol tablets is needed to control the high fever.
• It is advisable to monitor platelets count during dengue.

Are you or a family member suffering from any dengue symptoms? Visit KDAH today and get yourself tested. Make every effort to reduce mosquitoes in your area and maintain a high level of cleanliness.

We have all suffered from headaches during some point of our life. However headaches can be of different kinds. They can have their own set of symptoms, and may happen for unique reasons. Sometimes they can be more complicated than most people realize. It is important to figure out what type of headache is causing you pain, that helps in correct treatment.

Did you know?

There are 150 different types of headaches.

Some of the most common ones are listed below:

Tension headaches: Also called as stress headaches or chronic daily headaches they are the most generic type among adults and teens. They cause mild to moderate pain and come and go over time. Some symptoms include headache upon awakening, chronic fatigue, irritability and disturbed concentration.

Migraines: This affects and disturbs the lives of many adults. They cause pounding and throbbing pain. They can last from 4 hours to 3 days and usually happen one to four times per month. Migraines can run in families . Along with the pain, people also have other symptoms like sensitivity to light, noise, or smells, nausea, loss of appetite and upset stomach.

Mixed headache syndrome: Also called transformed migraines, this condition is a mix of migraine and tension headaches. Both adults and children can have it.

Cluster headaches:Cluster headaches are intense and feel like a burning or piercing pain behind the eyes. It’s the least common but the most severe type of headache. They tend to happen in groups, appear suddenly and are characterized by severe, debilitating pain on one side of the head and are often accompanied by a watery eye and nasal congestion on the same side of the face.

Sinus headaches: With these, you feel a deep and constant pain in your cheekbones, forehead, or bridge of your nose. They happen when cavities in your head, called sinuses, get inflamed. The pain usually comes along with other sinus symptoms, such as a runny nose, feeling of fullness in the ears, fever, and swelling in your face.

Hormone headaches: Women suffer from these  due to changing hormone levels during their periods, pregnancy and menopause.

Chronic progressive headaches: Also called traction or inflammatory headaches, these get worse and happen more often over time. They make up less than 5% of all headaches in adults and less than 2% of all headaches in kids. They may be the result of an illness or disorder of the brain or skull.

What causes Headaches?

The pain you feel during a headache comes from a mix of signals between your brain, blood vessels and nearby nerves. Specific nerves of the blood vessels and head muscles switch on and send pain signals to your brain.

Getting a Diagnosis

The first step is to talk to your doctor about your headaches. It is important to give detailed descriptions like things that cause headaches, make them worst and what helps you feel better. Sometimes, doctors may suggest a CT scan or MRI to look for problems inside your brain that might cause your headaches.

If your headache symptoms get worse or happen more often despite treatment, do visit our specialists at KDAH https://www.kokilabenhospital.com/ to get  a complete diagnosis.