World Bone Marrow Donor Day

What is a bone marrow?

Bone marrow is a soft, spongy material found in your large bones. It makes more than 200 billion new blood cells every day, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. But for people with bone marrow disease, including several types of cancer, the process doesn’t work properly. Often, a bone marrow transplant is a person’s best chance of survival and a possible cure.

What you need to know about bone marrow transplants

Bone Marrow Transplant is transfusing into the patient blood stream HLA matched blood Stem Cells capable of developing into red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, replacing a transplant patient diseased or damaged Stem Cells. In India every year about 2 lakh patients require this form of treatment. Unfortunately HLA matched Donors are not easily available. This means that more than 1, 40, 000 patients are not given the best possible treatment. If unrelated but HLA matched Donors are made available then transplants can be done & will provide hope to many of these patients. A Bone Marrow transplant is the process of infusing healthy Marrow into a person to replace diseased or damaged Bone Marrow. The original Marrow is eradicated using high dose chemotherapy or radiation.

Only about 30% of people who need a transplant can find an HLA-matched donor in their immediate family. For the remaining 70% of people, doctors need to find HLA-matched bone marrow from other donors. Register to be a bone marrow donor, help save someone’s life.

The bone marrow donation process:

There are two methods used for donation – PBSC and Bone marrow donation.

Peripheral blood stem cell donation (PBSC) donation is a nonsurgical procedure and the most common way to donate. For 5 days leading up to donation, you will be given injections of a drug called filgrastim to increase the number of cells in your bloodstream that are used for transplant. Some of your blood is then removed through a needle in one arm and passed through a machine that separates out the blood-forming cells. The remaining blood is returned to you through the other arm. Most donations are done by this method. The process takes about 3 hours and may be repeated on a second donation day. Side effects include headaches, bone soreness, and discomfort from the needles during the process.

Although less common, some donors may be asked to undergo a Bone marrow donation process. It is a surgical, usually outpatient procedure. You will receive anesthesia and feel no pain during the donation. Doctors use a needle to withdraw liquid marrow from the back of your pelvic bone. Donors usually go home the same day of the surgery and can return to normal activity within 1 week. Common side effects include nausea, headache, and fatigue, most often related to the anaesthesia.

When bone marrow donation is crucial:

• Each year, leukaemia kills more children than any other cancer.
• 70% of patients in need of a marrow transplant do not have a matching donor in their family.
• A bone marrow transplant can save the life of someone battling leukaemia, lymphoma, or another blood cancer.
• Radiation and chemotherapy treatments are often successful in destroying the cancer cells, however, in the process; they may also destroy the patient’s healthy cells and Bone Marrow.

Things a donor should know:

There are also several misconceptions about Bone Marrow Transplants that prevent people from registering themselves as voluntary donors. First of all, the sample for the HLA typing is taken from the mouth, a swab is used to remove a small soft tissue from the inside of the cheek, so not even a prick is required. This is saved in their records to match any future bone marrow transplant requirement.

Once you are found to be a match, you are given a full counselling session and have to go through a complete medical check-up. Unlike, as the name might suggest, the donor’s stem cells are removed from the peripheral blood and not by piercing the bones. The actual removal of the stem cells is done at a medical facility under complete medical supervision.

Myths and facts:

Myth: Stem cell Donation involves a lengthy recovery process.

Fact: Due to taking the drug filgrastim, PBSC Donors may have symptoms such as bone or muscle pain or fatigue in the five days leading up to donation. These symptoms nearly always disappear one or two days after donating, and the Donor is back to normal. Stem cell Donors can expect to feel fatigue, some soreness or pressure in their lower back and perhaps some discomfort walking. Stem cell Donors can expect to be back to work, school and other activities within one to seven days.

Myth: Donating stem cells is dangerous and weakens the donor.

Fact: Though no medical procedure is without risk, there are rarely any long term effects from donating. Only 5% or less of the donor’s stem cells are needed to save a life. After donation, the body replaces the donated stem cells within four to six weeks.

Myth: Donors have to pay for the transplant.

Fact: Donors never pay for the bone marrow transplant process. The patients insurance or the patient bears the expenses.

Myth: Bone marrow donation is time consuming.

Fact: In most cases, donors are asked to donate within one to three months after receiving a request. For peripheral stem cell donations, the donor must visit a medical office for filgrastim injections for the five days before the procedure, and then the donation day . Donors can return to their normal schedule within a few days. The bone marrow extraction process takes one to two hours, and donors may stay overnight at the hospital. Even so, most are able to return to their normal schedule within 1 to 2 days.

Meet out experts at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital to know more about Bone marrow transplants and donations. Please fine below link:

https://www.kokilabenhospital.com/departments/centresofexcellence/centrefor_transplant/bonemarrowstemcelltransplant.html

10th September is World Suicide Prevention Day. Some suicides are planned much in advance while some are sudden acts out of frustration and anger. Statistics that for some suicides there are 25 attempts. That means a person may have suicidal thoughts for months and years before actually putting it into action.

“Suicide does not end the chances of life getting worse, it eliminates the possibilities of it ever getting better!!” — unknown author.

The last thing that most people expect is that they will run out of reasons to live. But if you are experiencing suicidal thoughts, you need to know that you’re not alone. By some estimates, as many as one in six people will become seriously suicidal at some point in their lives!

Suicidal people need help. Here some facts to know about suicidal thoughts:

• Suicidal thinking is usually associated with problems that can be treated.
• Clinical depression, anxiety disorders, chemical dependency, and other disorders produce profound emotional distress. They also interfere with effective problem-solving.
• Therapists and counsellors (and sometimes friends) can help you to see solutions that otherwise are not apparent to you.
• Suicidal crises are almost always temporary.
• Problems are seldom as great as they appear at first glance.
• Reasons for living can help sustain a person in pain.
• Do not keep suicidal thoughts to yourself.

If someone around you is feeling low or depressed watch out for these warning signs of suicide:

• Talking about wanting to die.
• Talking about feeling hopeless or having no purpose.
• Talking about feeling trapped or in unbearable pain.
• Talking about being a burden to others.
• Using alcohol or drugs more often.
• Exhibiting anxious, agitated or reckless behaviour.
• Sleeping too little or too much.
• Withdrawing from friends and wanting to be left alone.
• Showing rage or talking about seeking revenge.
• Displaying extreme mood swings.
• Having a plan for dying by suicide.
• Giving away belongings or getting affairs in order.

Warning signs aren’t always obvious… some people may talk about their suicidal thoughts/intentions, others may not.

Dows a friend or a family member shows suicidal signs? Here is how to act:

• Do not leave the person alone.
• Remove any firearms, alcohol, drugs or sharp objects that could be used in a suicide attempt.
• Talk to the person and convince him or her to consult a mental health professional.
• Get family and close friends involved.

Here are some ways how one should not react with a person who is suicidal:

• Suicide is a selfish and cowardly act.
• Think about how your death will hurt people.
• Other people have worse problems and don’t want to kill themselves.
• People who commit suicide go to hell.
• How can you think of suicide, things aren’t that bad.

Instead say things like:

• You sound upset, it seems that you’re frustrated?
• Show empathy instead of sympathy.
• I’m worried, how long this has been going on?

How to help prevent suicides:

Never agree to keep thoughts of suicide a secret. Sometimes instinct tells us we have to break confidentiality. Talking about suicide can provide tremendous relief and being a listener is the best intervention anyone can give. Talking about suicide will not cause suicide. When experiencing intense emotions, the person will not be able to problem solve. It is not your job to fix their problems. Listen, care, validate and be nonjudgmental.

If you or a loved one is struggling with suicidal thoughts, please contact the Psychiatry department at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital. Timely help and intervention from a health expert can save a life. Please find below link:

https://www.kokilabenhospital.com/departments/clinicaldepartments/psychiatry.html

You are what you eat. Your emotional health, physical well being as well as your skin and beauty is highly influenced by your dietary habits. Nutrition is an issue of survival, health and development for current and succeeding generations. Healthy food combined with a regular exercise is the foundation for good health. Healthy children grow up to better IQ and adequate nutrition makes them more productive while, poor nutrition can lead to reduced immunity, increased vulnerability to disease, impaired physical and mental development, and reduced productivity. Obese children grow up to suffer from mood swings, depression, hormonal imbalances, risks of asthma, diabetes, and heart problems.

Problems faced in India

Undernutrition is a problem which seems to be higher in rural India. It is a known fact that an undernourished mother begets a baby with low birth weight. It jeopardizes a child’s survival, health, growth and development, and thereby slows down the national progress towards development goals.

Overnutrition, on the other hand, is a curse of the modern world and globalization. Urban India is currently witnessing a rise in the number of people who are obese. The urban population has started relying on convenient and processed foods that contain a large amount of trans-fat, sugars, and other unhealthy and artificial ingredients. Obesity is considered as a major predisposing factor for many health risks like cancers, diabetes, heart diseases and strokes.

Here are a few guidelines for a healthy diet:

• Eat a variety of foods – Having a variety of foods helps ensure that you get all the disease-fighting potential that foods offer.
• Portion size matters – You can eat plenty of green vegetables and fresh fruits. However when it comes to higher-calorie foods portion control is the key. Fast foods restaurants serve dishes with huge portion sizes. Avoid them or split it with a friend.
• Include a rainbow in your diet – Include green orange, red, purple and yellow produce. The nutrients, fibre and other compounds in these foods may help protect against certain types of cancer and other diseases. Legumes, rich in fiber, count as vegetables, though are moderately high in calories. Choose fruits over juices due to the fibre content.
• Get more whole grains – At least half the grains you eat should be whole grains like wheat, barley, and oats. Whole grains retain the bran and germ and thus all the nutrients and fibre of the grain.
• Limit refined grains and added sugar – The refined carbohydrates in white bread, regular pasta and most snack foods have little or no dietary fibre and are devoid of many nutrients too. Limit foods which have added sugars like soda and candy. These are sources of empty calories and contribute to weight gain.
• Enjoy more fish and nuts – Nuts, fatty fish, avocados and vegetable oils supply healthy saturated fats. Though high in calories these foods do not promote weight gain. Choose olive oil over butter for cooking.
• Shun trans fats – Trans fats are used in processed foods such as commercially baked items, fast foods and snacks. Trans fats raise LDL – bad cholesterol and also reduce HDL – good cholesterol increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
• Keep sodium down potassium up – Excess sodium raises the blood pressure in your body and has other harmful effects. At the same time consumption of more potassium is beneficial as it helps lower blood pressure. Potassium-rich foods include bananas, potatoes, bean, and yogurt.
• Watch your calcium and Vitamin D – These nutrients are vital for your bone health. Calcium is present in dairy products, soya bean as well as in some leafy vegetables. Vitamin D is available in sunlight but might needs some supplements too.
• Limit alcohol – If you drink alcohol, do it in moderation. Binge drinking can be dangerous for your health and heavy drinkers are prone to various liver, heart and a wide range of health problems. Alcohol also increases the risk of certain cancers. Pregnant women and lactating mothers should avoid alcohol altogether.

Our team at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital recommends a balanced diet for all. Do consult our Nutrition department for a personalized diet plan made as per your age, profession, health condition as well as lifestyle. Please see below website for more details:

https://www.kokilabenhospital.com/departments/clinicaldepartments/nutrition.html

The need of organ donation has never been greater than in today’s times. More than half a million Indians are estimated to be in dire need of an organ transplant.

What is an Organ Donation?

Know the importance of organ transplants to understand organ donation. A transplant is a medical procedure where one person’s dysfunctional organ or tissue is replaced by that of a healthy person. In certain cases, despite major advances in the medical world, transplant is the only option available for the patient. Transplants drastically improve the quality of life of the patient and give them another chance to live.

An estimate indicates that in India alone annually about 5 lakh people die every year because of non availability of organs. Another shocking statistic is that 90% of the people in the waiting list die without getting an organ. Almost anyone can donate organs regardless of their age. One organ donor can save up to 8 lives and heal the lives of 75 through a tissue donation.

What are the different types of Organ Donation?

In organ donation, a person pledges during her/his lifetime, that after death, certain (or all) organs from the body can be used for transplantation to help terminally ill patients get a new lease of life. With recent advances in transplantation, people of all ages and medical histories can donate organs. However, the final call on the organs and tissue that can be donated is taken only after doctors analyze the donor’s medical condition.

• Living Donation – Living donation takes place when a living person donates an organ (or part of an organ) for transplantation to another person. The living donor can be a family member, such as a parent, child, brother or sister, grandparent or grandchild (living related donation). It can also come from someone who is emotionally related to the recipient, such as a good friend, a relative, a neighbour or an in-law. (living unrelated donation)
• Deceased cadaver donation – The patient has to register in a hospital that does transplants. The patient will be put on a wait list.As and when the organ from an appropriate deceased donor (brain death) is available, the patient will be intimate.

Some of the conditions in which transplant is needed:

1. Structural abnormality – Some individuals are born with an abnormality like a congenital heart defect. Biliary Atresia is one the most common reasons why a child might need a liver transplant – it is because the bile duct has failed to develop.

2. Born with a Disease – Diseases such as cystic fibrosis may cause an organ to fail.

3. Developed an illness – Some people are unlucky enough to contract a disease that could result in an organ failure.

What organs and tissues can be transplanted?

• Liver
• Kidney
• Pancreas
• Heart
• Lung
• Intestine
• Cornea
• Middle ear
• Skin
• Bone
• Bone marrow
• Heart valves
• Connective tissue
• Vascularized composite allografts (transplant of several structures that may include skin, bone, muscles, blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue)

Why India sees a shortage of Organ donors:

• There is a major lack of awareness about organ donation in India.
• A major reason for the shortage of organs is that many people have not recorded their wish about organ donation or discussed it with their families. After the death of the individual the families decision is considered as final.
• Certain myths and misconceptions about organ donation discourage potential donors from making the decision to donate organs or tissue after death.

Who can be an organ donor?

People of all ages should consider themselves potential donors. When a person dies, he or she is evaluated for donor suitability based on their medical history and age. The Organ Procurement Agency determines medical suitability for donation.

Who decides the candidate eligible for a transplant?

The organ is offered first to the transplant centre with the candidate who is the best match. The transplant team decides if it will accept or refuse the organ based on established medical criteria, medical urgency, and other factors like patient availability and organ transportation.

If the transplant centre refuses the organ, the transplant centre of the next patient on the list is contacted and the process continues until the organ is placed. Organs are distributed locally first; if no match is found, they are offered regionally and then nationally.

Some things about Organ Donation:

• Anyone can be an organ donor irrespective of age, caste, religion, community, current or past medical condition. Children can also be organ donors after taking consent for organ donation from their parents.
• However certain diseases like active cancer, active HIV, active infection have restrictions. Patients suffering from Hepatitis B and C also have some limitations.
• Vital organs like heart, liver, kidneys, intestines, lungs, and pancreas can be donated only in case of ‘brain death’.
• However other tissues like corneas, heart valves, skin, bones etc can be donated only in case of natural death.

Take a moment for wisdom and pledge to gift someone a new life – sign up to be an organ donor. Log on to www.organdonationday.in or give a missed call at 918826262626 to register yourself.

The World Health Organisation WHO recommends six months of exclusive breastfeeding for babies and thereafter continuing breastfeeding on demand till the child reaches two years of age. Breast feeding is the most valuable gift which you can give to your newborn. It is the healthiest natural food for your baby and undoubtedly plays a very important role in his/her life. Breast milk contains all the nutrients which babies need for their growth and to stay healthy for a longer period of time.

Benefits of Breastfeeding:

• Early breast milk also called colostrum is a magical liquid for your baby. This milk is rich in nutrients and antibodies and helps to protect your baby.
• Exclusive breast feeding during the first six months protects your baby from various types of illness. The protection given by mother’s milk is quite unique and can never be matched by formula milk. Breast feeding is also helpful in reducing the cases of pneumonia, meningitis, asthma and risk of different allergies in your baby.
• Your breast milk changes as your baby grows, colostrum changes into the much refined form of milk which contains the perfect amount of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, water, sugars, vitamins and minerals. Basically it provides all essential nutrients and antibodies which your baby needs for his proper development and growth
• Most of the infants can digest breast milk very easily as compare to formula or any other milk because breast milk contains certain enzymes which helps baby to digest the milk.
• Research suggests that exclusive breastfeeding to your babies for first 6 months can help in improving your baby’s cognitive development. There are also some evidences which support that children who were breastfed in their early life score higher on IQ tests and academics.
• Breastfeeding is a great way for mothers to regain their pre-pregnancy size as lactation triggers the contractions in uterus and helps it to shrink to the normal size. Feeding your baby also burns the extra calories without even doing any work.
• Breastfeeding not only protects your child from different diseases but also reduces the mothers risk from health problems like type 2 diabetes, postpartum depression, ovarian and breast cancer.
• Breast feeding saves money and is convenient. It eliminates the need of formula and related feeding supplies essentials and sterilizing of bottles.
• Breast milk is safe and always ready for your baby’s consumption due to its right temperature and availability. Travel can be easier too with breastfeeding as your baby will never run out of food.

A breastfeeding mothers diet

Many new moms wonder how breastfeeding will affect their diet. Here are a few tips:

Eat a well-balanced diet for your health

You need a lot of energy and stamina to meet the physical demands of caring for a new baby. Eating small meals with healthy snacks in between – the way you may have done during pregnancy – is a good way to keep your hunger in check and your energy level high.

Don’t count calories

Breastfeeding and dieting do not go together. Most breastfeeding women need about 500 calories extra every day. Instead of counting calories, follow your hunger as a guide to how much you need to eat.

Include a variety of healthy foods

Complex carbs like wholegrains, cereals and fresh fruits and vegetables not only provide more nutrition than processed starches and sugars, they provide longer-lasting energy. And choosing from all food groups is important so you can get the vitamins you and your baby need over time.

Choose good fats

When it comes to fat, think mono- and polyunsaturated fats. Sources of these “healthy fats” include canola oil, olive oil, and fatty fish as well as avocados, olives, nuts, and seeds. Limit saturated fats and avoid trans fats, both of which are considered unhealthy.

Say No to alcohol

Hold off on drinking alcohol while you’re breastfeeding. Alcohol does enter your breast milk, and having as little as one drink may affect your milk letdown reflex.

Stay hydrated

When you’re breastfeeding, your body needs plenty of fluids. Keep sipping on water and other healthy liquids throughout the day. If your urine is clear or light yellow, it’s a good sign that you’re well hydrated. Limit your caffeine intake as it dehydrates you and may also accumulate in your baby’s system.

A new mother may have various concerns about breastfeeding. Let’s look at some common issues:

Signs that indicate your baby is getting enough breast milk

• Your baby seems relaxed and satisfied after a feeding.
• Your baby shows a good weight gain pattern.
• Your baby wets at least six diapers a day after your milk comes in.

Signs that show your baby remains hungry:

• Your baby continues to lose weight.
• Your baby is wetting fewer than six diapers in a 24-hour period after the five days following his birth.
• Your baby’s urine is very dark.
• Your baby is fussy or lethargic much of the time.

Although most moms are able to provide their babies with all the milk they need, sometimes babies don’t get enough. The mother may be facing some breastfeeding issues and if it is not addressed soon the baby can suffer from severe dehydration. Seek your paediatricians help immediately in such cases or consult a lactation consultant. Consult experts at our centre for Mother and Child for any help needed for Breastfeeding. Please find below link as below:

https://www.kokilabenhospital.com/departments/centresofexcellence/centrefor_motherchild.html