Who, What, Why: Decoding Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder that robs people of their memory and cognitive functions. India has more than 40 lakh people living with dementia. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia, affecting many Indians, especially the elderly. Understanding Alzheimer’s disease is the first step toward managing it effectively. While anyone can be at risk, knowing the factors that contribute to the disease can help in taking preventive measures. With the right care and support, it is possible to maintain a fulfilling life even with Alzheimer’s disease.

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Who is at Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease?

Alzheimer’s disease primarily affects older adults, with most patients being 65 years or older. However, early-onset Alzheimer’s can occur in individuals as young as their 30s or 40s. Several factors increase the risk:

• Genetics
  A family history of Alzheimer’s disease significantly increases the risk. Specific genes like the APOE ε4 allele are linked to a higher likelihood of developing the condition
• Age
  The risk doubles every five years after age 65
• Gender
  Women are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s, partially due to their longer life expectancy
• Lifestyle and Heart Health
  Obesity, smoking, high blood pressure, and diabetes can all elevate the risk
• Head Injuries
  Serious head trauma may increase the likelihood of developing Alzheimer’s disease

What Happens in Alzheimer’s Disease?

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive brain disorder that leads to a gradual decline in cognitive abilities and social skills. It is marked by the accumulation of specific proteins in the brain, which causes brain cells to shrink and eventually die. This process disrupts the communication between neurons, leading to a loss of brain function. As the most common cause of dementia, Alzheimer’s significantly impairs memory, thinking, behavior, and the ability to perform daily activities.

Why does it Happen?

The exact cause of Alzheimer’s is still not fully understood, but it’s believed to be a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors that affect the brain over time. The buildup of amyloid plaques and tau tangles disrupts the communication between nerve cells and triggers inflammation, eventually leading to brain cell death.

Healthy Living Tips to Manage Alzheimer’s Disease

While there is no cure for Alzheimer’s, certain lifestyle changes can help manage the symptoms and improve the quality of life:

• Diet
  A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, omega-3 fatty acids, and low in saturated fats can support brain health. The Mediterranean diet, known for its emphasis on whole grains, fish, and plant-based foods, has been associated with a reduced risk of cognitive decline.
• Physical Activity
  Regular exercise, including aerobic activities like walking or swimming, can enhance blood flow to the brain and improve overall cardiovascular health. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week.
• Cognitive Training
  Activities that stimulate the brain, such as puzzles, memory games, and learning new skills or languages, can enhance cognitive reserve and delay the onset of dementia symptoms.
• Social Interaction
  Engaging regularly with friends and family can improve mood and maintain mental functioning. Social activities that combine physical and mental elements, such as dance classes or group exercises, are particularly beneficial.
• Sleep
  Ensuring adequate sleep is vital, as sleep disturbances can contribute to cognitive decline. Aim for 7-8 hours of quality sleep per night and maintain a regular sleep schedule.
• Stress Management
  Chronic stress can exacerbate cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s symptoms. Techniques such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, and yoga can reduce stress and promote a sense of well-being.
• Avoid Smoking and Limit Alcohol Consumption
  Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of cognitive decline. Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol intake can significantly benefit brain health.
• Regular Health Check-ups
  Managing underlying health conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol is crucial as these conditions can increase the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Regular check-ups and following medical advice can keep these risk factors under control.

Incorporating these tips into daily life can help manage symptoms of Alzheimer’s and improve overall quality of life, potentially slowing the progression of the disease.

Alzheimer’s Care at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital

If you or a loved one are facing challenges related to Alzheimer’s, it’s crucial to seek expert care. By staying informed and proactive, we can tackle Alzheimer’s disease with the best tools and knowledge available, aiming for the best possible outcomes for patients and their families. Consult Neuro specialists at our Centre for Neurosciences to discuss the best strategies for management and care of this condition. Please find below the link to our website for more details: https://www.kokilabenhospital.com/departments/centresofexcellence/centrefor_neurosciences/alzheimer_sdisease.html

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects an estimated one in five Indian women. This condition can have a profound impact on physical health, emotional wellbeing, and even relationships. Although the exact cause of PCOS remains unclear, it is widely believed to be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. PCOS is a lifestyle-related disorder, meaning that managing this condition is as much about making positive lifestyle changes as it is about medical interventions.

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What is PCOS?

PCOS is a hormonal condition that primarily affects women in their reproductive years. The disorder is characterized by three prominent features: 

• Irregular periods – indicative of abnormal ovulation
• Excess levels of androgen – often leading to symptoms such as acne and excessive hair growth
• Polycystic ovaries – ovaries that are enlarged and contain numerous small cysts along their outer edges

Women with PCOS may see many symptoms, including:

• Acne or oily skin
• Thinning hair or male-pattern baldness
• Irregular periods or missed periods
• Excess hair growth on the chest, face, or back (hirsutism)
• Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
• Darkening of the skin, especially in areas like the neck, groin, or under the breasts

Complications of PCOS

When left untreated, PCOS can lead to several serious health issues:

• Type 2 diabetes
• High blood pressure
• Fatty liver disease
• Endometrial cancer
• Infertility

In addition to these complications, PCOS can also cause issues during pregnancy, such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and an increased risk of miscarriage. It is essential to seek timely medical care to manage PCOS.

Healthy Living Tips for Managing PCOS

Living with PCOS requires a holistic approach to maintain both physical and emotional health. By making certain lifestyle changes, women can effectively manage their symptoms and reduce the risk of long-term health complications. Here are some practical tips for living healthy with PCOS:

• Sleep Well
  Quality sleep is essential for hormone regulation. Aim for 7-9 hours of restful sleep each night to help balance your hormones and reduce stress levels.
• Exercise Regularly
  Regular exercise can help with weight management, improve insulin sensitivity, and reduce androgen levels. Incorporating both cardiovascular exercises like walking or cycling and strength training can enhance fitness and emotional wellbeing. Incorporating at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise, five days a week, can go a long way in reducing PCOS symptoms.
• Adopt a Healthy Diet
  A balanced diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats can help manage weight and reduce insulin resistance. Women with PCOS should also focus on foods with a low glycemic index, which help to regulate blood sugar levels. Since insulin resistance is a common issue in women with PCOS, it’s important to limit sugar intake and avoid refined carbohydrates like white bread, pastries, and sugary drinks.
• Manage Stress
  Stress can worsen the symptoms of PCOS by triggering hormonal imbalances. Practice relaxation techniques like yoga, meditation, or deep breathing exercises to keep stress levels in check.
• Stay Hydrated
  Drinking plenty of water throughout the day helps maintain metabolic functions and promotes a feeling of fullness, which can aid in weight management.
• Weight Loss 
  If you’re overweight, even a small amount of weight loss (5-10%) can have a positive effect on hormonal balance and improve symptoms such as menstrual irregularity and infertility.
• Avoid Smoking and Alcohol
  Smoking increases androgen levels, which can worsen symptoms like hirsutism and acne. Limiting alcohol intake can also support healthy liver function and hormonal balance.

PCOS care at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital

Living with PCOS may seem daunting, but with the right approach, you can lead a healthy, fulfilling life. By adopting lifestyle changes, staying physically active, and seeking timely medical care, you can manage your symptoms and improve both your physical and emotional wellbeing. Reach out to experienced gynaecologists at our Department of Gynaecology& Obstetrics for a detailed evaluation and care. Please find below the website link for more details: https://www.kokilabenhospital.com/departments/clinicaldepartments/gynaecologyobstetrics.html

Fungal skin infections are more common than you might think, affecting various parts of the body, including the skin, nails, and even the scalp. They are more likely to develop in people living in tropical climates like India. Despite their prevalence, many people still feel embarrassed about them, considering them an “unmentionable” problem. The reality is that fungal infections are a part of life, and with proper understanding, medical care and preventive measures, they can be managed effectively.

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What Are Fungal Infections?

Fungi are unicellular or multicellular organisms that are found virtually everywhere – in the air, soil, plants, water, and even on your skin. While many fungi are harmless, certain types can cause infections when they thrive in warm, moist environments on the body. Common areas where fungal infections occur include the scalp, ears, groin, thighs, buttocks, toes, and nails.

Types of Fungal Infections

• Ringworm (Tinea Corporis)
  Despite its name, ringworm is not caused by a worm but by a fungus that lives on the skin, hair, and nails. It is easily recognizable by its circular, ring-like appearance on the skin. The infection can spread through direct contact with an infected person or animal, or by touching contaminated objects like towels, clothes, or brushes.
• Athlete’s Foot (Tinea Pedis)
  This is a common fungal infection that affects the feet, especially between the toes. It thrives in warm, moist environments such as inside shoes, locker rooms, and public showers. Symptoms include itching, burning, and cracked skin, which can become painful if left untreated.
• Jock Itch (Tinea Cruris)
  Jock itch affects the groin, buttocks, and inner thighs, causing a red, itchy rash that may have a circular shape. It is more common in men and can spread through direct contact or by sharing towels and clothing.
• Candidiasis (Yeast Infection)
  This is caused by an overgrowth of Candida, a type of yeast that normally lives on the skin and inside the body. Yeast infections commonly affect the mouth, throat, and genital area, leading to itching, burning, and unusual discharge.

How to Prevent Fungal Infections

Preventing fungal infections largely comes down to maintaining good hygiene and taking care of your skin. Here are some practical tips to help you avoid these infections:

• Keep Your Skin Clean and Dry
  Fungi thrive in warm, moist environments, so it’s essential to keep your skin clean and dry. Bathe at least once a day, and always dry your skin thoroughly, especially in areas prone to moisture, such as the groin, underarms, and between the toes.
• Wear Loose, Breathable Clothing
  Tight clothing and shoes can trap moisture, creating an ideal environment for fungi to grow. Opt for loose-fitting clothes made of natural fibers like cotton, which allow your skin to breathe. Change out of sweaty clothes as soon as possible, especially after exercising.
• Don’t Share Personal Items
  Avoid sharing personal items such as towels, combs, and nail clippers, as these can harbor fungi and spread infections. If you must share items, ensure they are thoroughly cleaned and disinfected before and after use.
• Maintain Good Nail Hygiene
  Keep your nails short and clean, and avoid cutting the cuticles, as this can provide an entry point for fungi. Clean under your nails regularly and avoid sharing nail clippers.
• Use Foot Protection in Public Areas
  Public showers, locker rooms, and swimming pools are common places to pick up fungal infections like athlete’s foot. Always wear sandals or flip-flops in these areas to protect your feet.
• Monitor Your Diet
  A healthy diet can support your immune system and help prevent fungal infections. Incorporate probiotics, which are beneficial bacteria that can help fight off harmful fungi. Reducing sugar intake is also important, as high sugar levels can increase the risk of yeast infections.
• Check Your Family Members
  Fungal infections can spread easily within households. If you notice symptoms in a family member, encourage them to seek treatment and take precautions to avoid spreading the infection.

Skin care at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital

By understanding the types, symptoms, and preventive measures, you can protect your skin from fungal infections and maintain good health. If you suspect a fungal infection, it’s important to seek medical advice promptly to prevent complications and reduce the risk of spreading the infection to others. Reach out to dermatologists at our Department of Dermatology at Kokilaben Hospital, Mumbai for prompt diagnosis and effective care. Please find attached our website details for further information: https://www.kokilabenhospital.com/departments/clinicaldepartments/dermatology.html

Psoriasis is a chronic, non-contagious, autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells. This abnormal immune response accelerates the production of skin cells, causing them to build up rapidly on the skin’s surface. Characterized by the rapid growth of skin cells leading to the formation of thick, red, scaly patches, psoriasis can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life.

Although it is primarily a dermatological condition, psoriasis is also associated with several systemic complications, making awareness and early intervention crucial. While the exact cause of psoriasis remains unclear, it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Psoriasis is a lifelong condition with periods of remission and flare-ups, and while it cannot be cured, it can be effectively managed with appropriate care and treatment.

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Symptoms of Psoriasis

Psoriasis manifests in various forms, with the symptoms differing from one individual to another. The most common type, plaque psoriasis, is characterized by the following symptoms:

• Red patches of skin covered with thick, silvery scales, typically appearing on the elbows, knees, lower back, and scalp.
• Itching, burning, or soreness in the affected areas.
• Dry, cracked skin that may bleed.
• Thickened, pitted, or ridged nails.
• Swollen, stiff joints for psoriatic arthritis.

Prevention and Care for Psoriasis

While psoriasis cannot be prevented entirely, certain measures can help minimize the risk of flare-ups and manage the condition effectively. Here are some key strategies for prevention and care:

• Identify and Avoid Triggers
  Understanding what triggers your psoriasis is crucial in managing the condition. Common triggers include stress, skin injuries,infections, and certain medications. Keeping a diary of flare-ups can help identify specific triggers, which can then be avoided or managed more effectively.

• Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle
  A balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep can support overall health and potentially reduce the severity of psoriasis symptoms. A diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids, may help reduce inflammation in the body.

• Proper Skin Care
  Gentle skin care is essential for managing psoriasis. Use moisturizing lotions and ointments regularly to keep the skin hydrated and reduce dryness and scaling. Avoid harsh soaps and skincare products that can irritate the skin, and opt for mild, fragrance-free alternatives.

• Sunlight Exposure
  Moderate sunlight exposure can help alleviate psoriasis symptoms in some individuals, as ultraviolet (UV) light slows the growth of skin cells. However, it is important to avoid overexposure to sunlight, as it can lead to sunburn and worsen psoriasis. Phototherapy, a controlled form of UV light treatment, is often recommended for more severe cases.

• Stress Management
  Stress is known to be a major trigger for psoriasis flare-ups. Incorporating stress-reducing activities such as yoga, meditation, or deep breathing exercises into your daily routine can help manage stress levels and prevent flare-ups.

Psoriasis Management at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital

Living with psoriasis can be challenging, but with proper management, individuals can lead a full and active life. Early diagnosis and a tailored treatment plan are key to controlling the condition and minimizing its impact on daily life. If you suspect you have psoriasis or are experiencing symptoms, reach out to our best dermatologists for expert advice and care. Our Department of Dermatology offers comprehensive psoriasis management services that include personalized treatment plans, access to the latest therapies, and support for managing triggers and maintaining overall skin health. Our multidisciplinary team of dermatologists, and mental health professionals work together to provide holistic care. Please visit our website link for more details: https://www.kokilabenhospital.com/departments/clinicaldepartments/dermatology.html