Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine. It usually manifests as a child or adolescent. Most cases of scoliosis are mild, but some curves worsen as children grow. Severe scoliosis can reduce the amount of space within the chest, making it difficult for the lungs to function properly. It can also cause chronic back pain, and more noticeable changes in your appearance. Consult a doctor if you notice these signs of scoliosis in your child.